Introducing Block Patterns

2. Merenstein D, Grant-Beurmann S, Sanders ME, Tan T, Burke B, Kumar A, Herbin-Smith K, Sparenborg
   J, D’Amico F, Roberts B, Fraser C. Probiotic intervention not beneficial to prevent antibioticassociated
   diarrhea in absence of antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption. Sci Rep. 2026 Feb
   16;16(1):9301. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-39826-4.
3. diarrhea in absence of antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption. Sci Rep. 2026 Feb
   16;16(1):9301. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-39826-4.
   June 3, 2026 3Vinderola G, Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Merenstein D, Quigley EMM, Shamir
   R, Swann JR, Szajewska H, Tancredi DJ, Sanders ME. Comments on a recently proposed alternative
   definition for postbiotics. Trends in Food Science & Technology 165 (2025) 105289.
4. Vinderola G, Benkowski A, Bernardeau M, Chenoll E, Collado MC, Cronin U, Eckhardt E, Green JB,
   Ipharraguerre IR, Kemperman R, Lacroix C, Minami J, Wilkinson M, Sanders ME, Salminen S. 2025.
   Postbiotics: a perspective on their quantification. Front Nutr 12.
5. Sanders ME, Hill C. 2025. The microbiome: an actor or stage for the beneficial action of probiotics,
   prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics?” Cell Host Microbe 33(6): 777-789.
6. Szajewska H, Scott K, de Meij T, Forslund-Startceva SK, Knight, R, Koren O, Little P, Johnston BC,
   Łukasik J, Suez J, Tancredi DJ, Sanders ME. 2025. Antibiotic-perturbed microbiota and the role of
   probiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 22:155–172.
7. Hutkins R, Walter J, Gibson GR, Bedu-Ferrari C, Scott K, Tancredi DJ, Wijeyesekera A, Sanders ME.
8. Classifying compounds as prebiotics—scientific perspectives and recommendations. Nat Rev
   Gastroenterol Hepatol. 22(1):54-70. Erratum in: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Jan;22(1):82.
   doi: 10.1038/s41575-024-01012-0. PMID: 39358591.
9. Merenstein D, Tancredi DJ, Karl JP, Krist A, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Reid G, Roos S, Szajewska H, Sanders
   ME. Is there evidence to support probiotic use for healthy people? Adv Nutrition 15(8).
   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100265.
10. Guarner F, Sanders ME, et al. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines – Probiotics
    and prebiotics. J Clin Gastro, July 2024.
    https://journals.lww.com/jcge/fulltext/2024/07000/world_gastroenterology_organisation_global.2.
    aspx
11. Vinderola G, Sanders ME, Cunningham M, Hill C. Frequently asked questions about the ISAPP
    postbiotic definition. Front Microbiol. Vol 14, 2024.
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1324565/full
12. McFarland LV, Hecht G, Sanders ME, Goff DA, Goldstein EJC, Hill C, Johnson S, Kashi MR, Kullar R,
    Larco ML, Merenstein DJ, Millette M, Preidis GA, Quigley EMM, Reid G, Salminen S, Sniffen JC, Sokol
    H, Szajewska H, Tancredi DJ, Woolard K. Recommendations to improve quality of probiotic
    systematic reviews with meta-analyses. JAMA Network Open. Dec 8, 2023.
13. Hill C, Tancredi DJ, Cifelli CJ, Slavin JL, Gahche J, Marco ML, Hutkins R, Fulgoni VL 3rd, Merenstein D,
    Sanders ME. Positive Health Outcomes Associated with Live Microbe Intake from Foods, Including
    Fermented Foods, Assessed using the NHANES Database. J Nutr. 2023 Apr;153(4):1143-1149. doi:
    10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.019.
14. Merenstein D, Pot B, Leyer G, Ouwehand AC, Preidis GA, Elkins CA, Hill C, Lewis ZT, Shane AL, Zmora
    N, Petrova MI, Collado MC, Morelli L, Montoya GA, Szajewska H, Tancredi DJ, Sanders ME. Emerging
    issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes. 2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2185034. doi:
    10.1080/19490976.2023.2185034.
15. Vinderola G, Cotter PD, Freista M, Gueimonde M, Holscher HD, Puas-Madiedo P, Salminen S,
    Swanson KS, Sanders ME, Cifelli CJ. Fermented foods: a perspective on their role in delivering
    biotics. Front Microbiol. 14: 1196239. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196239
16. Vinderola G, Sanders ME, Salminen S, Szajewska H. Postbiotics: the concept and their use in healthy
    populations. Front Nutr. 2022 Dec 9;9:1002213. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002213
17. Salminen S, Vinderola G, Sanders ME. 2022. Commentary on: functional food science and
    gastrointestinal physiology and function. Br J Nutr. 2022 Jul 28;128(2):179-182. doi:
    10.1017/S0007114522001520.
18. Roe AL, Boyte ME, Elkins CA, Goldman VS, Heimbach J, Madden E, Oketch-Rabah H, Sanders ME,
    Sirois J, Smith A. Considerations for determining safety of probiotics: A USP perspective. Regul
    Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Oct 4;136:105266. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105266.
    June 3, 2026 4
19. Marco ML, Hutkins R, Hill C, Fulgoni VL, Cifelli CJ, Gahche J, Slavin JL, Merenstein D, Tancredi DJ,
    Sanders ME. A classification system for defining and estimating dietary intake of live microbes in US
    adults and children. J Nutr. 2022 Jul 6;152(7):1729-1736.
20. Vinderola, G.; Sanders, M.E.; Salminen, S. The Concept of Postbiotics. Foods 2022, 11, 1077.
    https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11081077
21. Holscher HD, Hutkins R, Sanders ME; International Scientific Association for Probiotics and
    Prebiotics. Evidence-based use of probiotics, prebiotics and fermented foods for digestive health.
    http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/c85ca1bd#/c85ca1bd/1. Continuing education course for
    dietitians (2 credits). Published March 9, 2021.
22. Cunningham M, Vinderola G, Charalampopoulos D, Lebeer S, Sanders ME, Grimaldi R. The influence
    of product formulation on the activity and clinical outcomes of probiotic and prebiotic products.
    Trends Food Sci Technol: 112, June 2021, Pages 495-506.
23. Salminen, et al. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics
    and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nature Rev
    Gastroenterol Hepatol. Published May 4, 2021.
24. Marco ML, Hill C, Hutkins R, Slavin J, Tancredi DJ, Merenstein D, Sanders ME. 2020. Should there be
    a recommended daily intake of live microbes? J Nutr. 150 (12): 3061–3067.
25. Marco, et al. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and
    Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on fermented foods. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (2021).
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-00390-5.
26. Swanson KS, Gibson GR, Reid G, Verbeke K, Hutkins R, Scott KP, Reimer RA, Holscher HD, Azad MB,
    Delzenne NM, Sanders ME. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for
    Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics. Nat
    Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0344-2.
27. Binda S, Hill C, Johansen E, Obis D, Pot B, Sanders ME, Tremblay A, Ouwehand A. 2020. Criteria to
    Qualify Microorganisms as “Probiotic” in Foods and Dietary Supplements. Front Microbiol. 11:1162.
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01662
28. Dailey Z, Sanders ME, Merenstein D. 2020. Retail refrigerated probiotic foods and their association
    with evidence of health benefits. Benef Microbes. 2020 Mar 27;11(2):131-133. doi:
    10.3920/BM2019.0162. Epub 2020 Mar 25.
29. Merenstein DJ, Sanders ME, Tancredi DJ. Probiotics as a Tx resource in primary care. J Fam Pract.
    2020 Apr;69(3):E1-E10.
30. Merenstein DJ, Guzzi J, Sanders ME. 2019. More Information Needed on Probiotic Supplement
    Product Labels. J Gen Intern Med. 34(12):2735-2737. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05077-5
31. Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Merenstein DJ, Korchagina D, Broholm C, Sanders ME, Tancredi D. Probiotics
    reduce healthcare cost and societal impact of flu-like respiratory tract infections in the USA: An
    economic modeling study. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Aug 28;10:980. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00980.
32. Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Reid G, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. 2019. Probiotics and prebiotics in
    intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nat Rev Gastro Hepatol. Oct;16(10):605-
    616.
33. Jackson SA, Schoeni JL, Vegge C, Pane M, Stahl B, Bradley M, Goldman VS, Burguière P, Atwater JB,
    Sanders ME. Improving End-User Trust in the Quality of Commercial Probiotic Products. Front
    Microbiol. 2019 Apr 17;10:739. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00739
34. Sanders ME, Goh YJ, Klaenhammer TR. 2019. Probiotics and Prebiotics. In: Food Microbiology:
    Fundamentals and Frontiers, 5th Ed. Chapter 32. Editors: M. P. Doyle, F. Diez-Gonzalez, and C. Hill.
    ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi:10.1128/9781555819972.ch32
35. Cabana MD, Salminen S, Sanders, ME. Probiotic safety – reasonable certainty of no harm. JAMA
    Intern Med. 2019;179(2):276. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7498.
    June 3, 2026 5
36. Quigley EMM, Pot B, Sanders ME. 2018. ‘Brain Fogginess’ and D-Lactic Acidosis: Probiotics Are Not
    the Cause. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018 Sep 24;9(9):187. doi: 10.1038/s41424-018-0057-9.
37. King S, Tancredi D, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Gould K, Vann H, Connors G, Sanders ME, Linder JA, Shane AL,
    Merenstein D. Does probiotic consumption reduce antibiotic utilization for common acute
    infections. A systematic review and meta-analysis?. Eur J Public Health. 2018 Sep 14. doi:
    10.1093/eurpub/cky185.
38. Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Merrifield CA, Hutkins R. 2018. Probiotics for human use. Nutrition
    Bulletin 43(3): 212-225.
39. Sanders ME, Younes J. Paper incompletely describes evidence-based usage of probiotics. Published
    Online 20 Oct 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2017.1393143
40. Sanders ME, Benson A, Lebeer S, Merenstein DJ, Klaenhammer TR. 2018. Shared mechanisms
    among probiotic taxa: implications for general probiotic claims. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 49: 207–216.
41. Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ, Scott K, Stanton C, Swanson
    KS, Cani PD, Verbeke K, Reid G. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association
    for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of
    prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017, 14(8):491-502.
42. Guarner F (chair) and Sanders ME (co-chair). WGO Practice Guideline – Probiotics and Prebiotics.
    World Gastroenterology Organisation. February, 2017.
43. Tan TP, Ba Z, Sanders ME, D’Amico FJ, Roberts RF, Smith KH, Merenstein DJ. 2017. Safety of
    Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) Strain BB-12-Supplemented Yogurt in Healthy
    Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 64(2):302-309.
44. Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Ouwehand AC, Reid G, Salminen S, Cabana MD, Paraskevakos G, Leyer
    G. 2016. Probiotic Use in At-Risk Populations. J Amer Pharmacy Assoc. 56:680-686.
45. Sanders ME. 2016. Probiotics and microbiota composition. BMC Medicine. 14:82. DOI:
    10.1186/s12916-016-0629-z
46. Merenstein DJ, et al. Safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) strain BB-12-
    supplemented yogurt in healthy children. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(1):66-77.
47. Hill C, Scott K, Klaenhammer TR, Quigley E, Sanders ME. 2016. Commentary: Probiotic nomenclature
    matters. Gut Microbes 7(1):1-2.
48. Sanders ME, Shane AL, Merenstein DJ. Advancing human probiotic research in the United States:
    challenges and strategies. Gut Microbes 2016 Mar 10:1-4.
49. Hutkins RW, Krumbeck JA, Bindels LB, Cani PD, Fahey G, Goh YH, Hamaker B, Martens EC, Mills DA,
    Rastall RA, Vaughan E, Sanders ME. Prebiotics: why definitions matter. Current Opinion in
    Biotechnology 2016, 37:1–7.
50. Glanville J, King S, Hill C, Guarner F, Sanders ME. Use of systematic review and meta-analysis to
    evaluate evidence for health claims on probiotic foods in the European Union. Nutrition Journal.
    2015, 14:16.
51. Merenstein DJ, Tan TP, Solano-Aguilar G, Molokin A, Smith KH, Roberts RF, Shara NM, Mete M,
    Sanders ME. 2015. Safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) strain BB-12-
    supplemented yogurt in healthy adults on antibiotics: a phase 1 safety study. Gut Microbes 6(1):66-
    77.
52. Ebner S, Smug LN, Kneifel W, Salminen SJ, Sanders ME. 2014. Probiotics in dietary guidelines and
    clinical recommendations outside the European Union. World J Gastroenterol. 20(43): 16095-16100.
53. Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint, HJ, Salminen S,
    Calder PC, Sanders ME. 2014. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
    consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature Rev
    Gastroenterol Hepatol. 11, 506–514.
    June 3, 2026 6
54. Sanders ME, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Salminen S, Merenstein DJ, Gibson GR, Petschow BW, Nieuwdorp M,
    Tancredi D, Cifelli C, Jacques P, Pot B. Probiotics and Prebiotics: Prospects for Public Health and
    Nutritional Recommendations. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Feb;1309(1):19-29.
55. King S, Glanville J, Sanders ME, Fitzgerald A, Varley D. 2014. The Effectiveness of Probiotics on
    Length of Illness in Healthy Children and Adults who Develop Common Acute Respiratory Infectious
    Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Br J Nutr. 112(1):41-54.
56. Sanders ME, Klaenhammer TR, Ouwehand AC, Marco ML, Johansen E, Pot B, Leyer G, Tennilä J, Ross
    RP, Franz C, Heimbach JT, Salminen S, Pridmore RD, Charbonneau D, Call E, Pagé N, Lenoir-Wijnkoop
    I. 2014. Effects of genetic, processing, or product formulation changes on efficacy and safety of
    probiotics. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1309(1):1-18.
57. Smug L, Salminen S, Sanders ME, Ebner S. 2014. Yoghurt and probiotic bacteria in dietary guidelines
    of the member states of the European Union. Beneficial Microbes 5(1):61-66.
58. Hecht GA, Blaser MJ, Gordon J, Kaplan L, Knight R, Laine L, Peek R, Sanders ME, Sartor B, Wu G, Yang
    V. 2013. What’s the Value of an FDA IND for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Clostridium difficile
    Infection? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12(2):289-91.
59. Petschow B. Dore J, Hibberd P, Dinan T, Reid G, Blaser M, Cani PD, Degnan FH, Foster J, Gibson G,
    Hutton J, Klaenhammer TR, Ley R, Nieuwdorp M, Pot B, Relman D, Serazin A, Sanders ME. Probiotics,
    prebiotics, and the host microbiome: the science of translation. Annals NY Acad Sci. Dec;1306(1):1-
    17.
60. Hill C and Sanders ME. 2013. Rethinking “probiotics”. Gut Microbes. 4(4):269-270.
61. Sanders ME, Guarner F, Guerrant R, Holt PR, Quigley EMM, Sartor RB, Sherman PM, Mayer E. 2013.
    An update on the use and investigation of probiotics in health and disease. Gut 62(5):787-96.
62. Sanders, ME. 2012. Probiotics for the healthy consumer. Functional Food Reviews 4(4): 144-151.
63. Bäckhed F, Fraser C, Ringel Y, Sanders ME, Sartor RB, Sherman PM, Versalovic J, Young V, Finlay BB.
64. Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: Current concepts, future directions, and clinical
    applications. Cell Host Microbe 12(5):611-22.
65. Donovan SM, Schneeman B, Gibson GR, Sanders ME. Establishing and evaluating health claims for
    probiotics. Adv Nutr. 2012 Sep 1;3(5):723-5.
66. Guarner F, Khan AG, Garisch J, Eliakim R, Gangl A, Thomson A, Krabshuis J, Lemair T, Kaufmann P, de
    Paula JA, Fedorak R, Shanahan F, Sanders ME, Szajewska H, Ramakrishna BS, Karakan T, Kim N.
    World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: probiotics and prebiotics October 2011. J
    Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Jul;46(6):468-81.
67. Floch MH, Walker WA, Madsen K, Sanders ME, Macfarlane GT, Flint HJ, Dieleman LA, Ringel Y,
    Guandalini S, Kelly CP, Brandt LJ. 2011. Recommendations for probiotic use – 2011 update. J Clin
    Gastroenterol. 45 Suppl:S168-71.
68. Sanders ME. Impact of probiotics on colonizing microbiota of the gut. 2011. J Clin Gastroenterol. 45
    Suppl:S115-9.
69. Wallace TC, Guarner F, Madsen K, Cabana MD, Gibson G, Hentges E, Sanders ME. 2011. Human gut
    microbiota and its relationship to health and disease. Nutr Rev. 69(7):392-403.
70. Guarner F, Sanders ME, Gibson G, Klaenhammer T, Cabana M, Scott K, Reid G, Delzenne NM, Fahey
    G, Hill C. 2011. Probiotic and prebiotic claims in Europe: seeking a clear roadmap. Brit J Nutr.
    106(11):1765-7.
71. Sanders ME, Heimbach JT, Pot B, Tancredi D, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Lähteenmäki-Uutela A, Gueimonde
    M, Bañares S. 2011. Health claims substantiation for probiotic and prebiotic products. Gut Microbes
    2:1-7.
72. Merenstein D, Gonzalez J, Young AG, Roberts RF, Sanders ME, Petterson S. 2011. Study to
    investigate the potential of probiotics in children attending school. Eur J Clin Nutr. 65(4):447-53.
    June 3, 2026 7
73. Sanders, ME, Levy DD. 2011. The science and regulations of probiotic food and supplement product
    labeling. Annals New York Acad Sci; 1219 S1, E1–E23.
74. Sanders, M.E. 2011. Substantiating health benefit claims for probiotics in the United States. In,
    Health Claims and Probiotics, W. Kneifel, S. Salminen, Eds. Blackwell Wiley, Oxford UK.
75. Klein M, Sanders ME, Duong T, Young HA. 2010. Probiotics: From Bench to Market. Annals New York
    Acad Sci. Vol. 1212 S1, pages E1-E14.
76. Sanders ME. 2010. International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics 2010 Meeting
    Report. Functional Food Reviews 2:131-140.
77. Shane, AL, Cabana, MD, Vidry, S., Merenstein, D, Hummelen, R, Ellis, CL, Heimbach, JH, Hempel, S,
    Lynch, SV, Sanders, ME, Tancredi, DJ. 2010. Guide to designing, conducting, publishing and
    communicating results of clinical studies involving probiotic applications in human participants. Gut
    Microbes 1(4): 1-10.
78. Merenstein, D., Smith K., Scriven, M., Roberts, R., Sanders, M.E., Petterson, S. 2010. The study to
    investigate the potential benefits of probiotics in yogurt, a patient-oriented, double-blind, clusterrandomised,
    placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Eur. J. Clin Nut. 64(7):685-91.
79. Merenstein D., Murphy, M., Fokar, A., Hernandez, R., Park, H., Nsouli H., Sanders, M.E., Davis B.,
    Niborski V., Tondu F., Shara N. 2010. Use of a fermented dairy probiotic drink containing
    Lactobacillus casei (DN-114 001) to decrease the rate of illness in kids: the DRINK study. A patient-
    Oriented, Double-Blind, Cluster-Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial. European J. Clin
    Nutr. 64(7):669-77.
80. Sanders, M.E., Merenstein, D.J. Use of probiotic yogurts in health and disease. 2010. In, Probiotics:
    Clinical Guide, M. Floch, A. Kim, Eds., Slack Inc., pp. 95-120.
81. Sanders M.E., Akkermans LMA., Haller D, Hammerman C, Heimbach J, Huys G, Levy D, Mack D,
    Phothirath P, Constable A, Solano-Aguilar G, Vaughan E. 2010. Assessment of probiotic safety for
    human use. Gut Microbes 1 (3):1-22.
82. Sanders, M.E., Marco, M. 2010. Food formats for effective delivery of probiotics. Ann. Rev. Food Sci.
    Technol. 1:65–85.
83. Quigley, E.M.M. and Sanders, M.E. 2009. Probiotic Foods for Gastrointestinal Health.
    Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News Special Edition. October;7:27-33.
84. Sanders, M.E. 2009. How do we know when something called “probiotic” is really a probiotic? A
    guideline for consumers and healthcare professionals. Functional Food Rev 1:3-12.
85. Engelbrektson A, Korzenik JR, Pittler A, Sanders ME, Klaenhammer TR, Leyer G, Kitts CL. 2009.
    Probiotics to minimize the disruption of faecal microbiota in healthy subjects undergoing antibiotic
    therapy. J Med Microbiol 58:663-70.
86. Sanders, M.E. 2008. Clinical use of probiotics: what physicians need to know. Am Fam Physician.
    78(9):1026.
87. Reid G, Gibson G, Sanders ME, Guarner F, Versalovic J; International Scientific Association for
    Probiotics and Prebiotics. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 2008
    Jul 12;372(9633):112-3.
88. Mercenier A, Lenior-Wijnkoop I, Sanders ME. 2008. Physiological and functional properties of
    probiotics. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 429/2008.
89. Sanders ME. 2008. Use of probiotics and yogurts in maintenance of health. J Clin Gastroenterol. 42
    Suppl 2:S71-S74.
90. Floch M, Walker WA, Guandalini S, Hibberd P, Gorbach S, Surawicz C, Sanders ME, Garcia-Tsao G,
    Quigley E, Isolauri E, Fedorak R, Dieleman L. 2008. Recommendations for Probiotic Use-2008. J Clin
    Gastroenterol. 42 Suppl 2:S104-S108.
91. Douglas L and Sanders ME. 2008. Probiotics and prebiotics in dietetic practice. J Amer Dietetics
    Assoc. 108:510-521.
    June 3, 2026 8
92. Sanders, M.E. Probiotics: Definition, Source, Selection and Uses. 2008. Clin Infect Dis. 46(S2):S58-
    S61.
93. Hoffman FA, Heimbach JT, Sanders ME, Hibberd PL. Executive summary: scientific and regulatory
    challenges of development of probiotics as foods and drugs. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 1;46 Suppl
    2:S53-7.
94. Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Sanders, M.E., Van Loo, J., Rayes, N., Timmerman, H., Sherman, P. Cabana, M.,
    Corthier, G., Charbonneau, D., Vaneechoutte, M., Caglar, E., Wolvers, D., Manneck, I. 2007. Probiotic
    and prebiotic influence beyond the intestinal tract. Nutr Rev. 65:469-489.
95. Sanders M.E., Gibson G.R., Gill H. and Guarner F. 2007. Probiotics: their potential to impact human
    health. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), Issue Paper 36, CAST, Ames, Iowa.
96. Sanders, ME. 2007. Probiotics: strains matter. Functional Food and Nutraceuticals. June, pages 34-
    41.
97. Sanders ME, Hamilton-Miller, J, Reid G, Gibson G. 2007. A non-viable preparation of L. acidophilus is
    not a probiotic. Clin Infect. Dis. 44:886.
98. Sanders, M.E. and Gibson, G.R. Probiotics & Prebiotics. Touch Briefings, US Gastroenterology Review
    2006, pages 205-209.
99. Sanders, M.E. 2006. Summary of probiotic activities of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019. J. Clin
    Gastroenterol. 40:776-83.
100. Engelbrektson A.L., Korzenik J. R., Sanders M.E., Clement B. C., Leyer G., Klaenhammer T. R. and Kitts
     C. L. 2006. Analysis of treatment effects on the microbial ecology of the human intestine. FEMS
     Microbial Ecology 57(2):239-50.
101. Sanders, M.E. 2005. Objectives and activities of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics
     and Prebiotics. In, Cesare Schiavi (Ed.) Probiotics, Biotherapeutics & Health. Mofin Alce, Novara,
     Italy, p. 206-216.
102. Sanders, M.E. 2005. 10 myths about probiotics. Prepared Foods, July, p. 67-73.
103. Sanders, M.E., Guarner, F., Mills, D., Pot, B., Rafter, J., Rastall, R., Reid, G., Ringel, Y., Rowland, I.,
     Saarela, M. and Tuohy, K. 2005. Selected Topics in Probiotics and Prebiotics: Meeting Report for the
     2004 International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. Cur Iss Intestinal Microbiol. 6:
     55-68.
104. Sanders, M.E. and J. Korzenik. 2005. The potential impact of probiotics and prebiotics on
     gastrointestinal and immune health of combat soldiers. Proceedings of Meeting on Optimization of
     Nutrient Composition for Assault Rations, Sponsored by the Committee on Military Nutrition
     Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, The National Academies Press,
     Washington DC, p. 341-361.
105. Rastall, R. A., Gibson, G. R., Gill, H.S., Guarner, F., Klaenhammer, T. R., Pot, B., Reid, G., Rowland,
     I. R., and Sanders, M. E. 2005. Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by
     probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enhance human health: An overview of enabling science and
     potential applications. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 52(2):145-152.
106. Tompkins TA, Sanders ME. 2004. Good intentions, poor study design. Can Fam Physician.
     50:1499-500.
107. Reid G, Guarner F, Gibson G, Tompkins T, Gill H, Rowland I, Rastall B, Pot B, Sanders ME;
     International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. 2004. Discussion on toll-like
     receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental
     colitis. Gastroenterology. 127(1):366-7.
108. Sanders, M.E. and J. Heimbach.2004. Functional foods in the USA: emphasis on probioticcontaining
     foods. Food Science and Technology Bulletin – Functional Foods 1(8) 1–10.
     June 3, 2026 9
109. Sanders, M.E., T. Tompkins, J. Heimbach, S. Kolida. 2004. Weight of evidence needed to
     substantiate a health effect for probiotics and prebiotics: scientific and regulatory considerations in
     Canada, EU, and U.S. Eur J Nutr. 44(5): 303-310.
110. Yeung, P. S. M., M. E. Sanders, C. L. Kitts, R. Cano, P. S. Tong. 2004. Application of genomic and
     phenotypic analyses to commercial probiotic strain identity and relatedness. J. Appl. Microbiol.
     97:1095-1104.
111. Reid, G, M. E. Sanders, H. R. Gaskins, G. Gibson, A. Mercenier, R. Rastall, M. Roberfroid, I.
     Rowland, C. Cherbut, and T. R. Klaenhammer. 2003. New scientific paradigms for probiotics and
     prebiotics. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 37:105-118.
112. Sanders, M. E., L. Morelli and T. Tompkins. 2003. Sporeformers as human probiotics: Bacillus,
     Sporolactobacillus and Brevibacillus. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety. 2:101-110.
113. Sanders, M. E. 2003. Probiotics: considerations for human health. Nutr. Rev. 61:91-99.
114. Sanders, M. E. 2002. Probiotics: State of the art in the USA. Microecol. Therapy 29:1-5.
115. Sanders, M. E. 2002. Market and regulatory challenges for functional dairy foods:
     communicating health benefits. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 375:17-19.
116. Yeung, P. S. M., M. E. Sanders, C. L. Kitts, R. Cano and P. S. Tong. 2002. Species-specific
     identification of commercial probiotic strains. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1039-1051.
117. Sanders, M. E., L. Morelli and S. Bush. 2001. “Lactobacillus sporogenes” is not a Lactobacillus
     probiotic. ASM News 67:385-386.
118. Yeung, P. S. M. and M. E. Sanders. 2001. Probiotic Products: Considerations in Development and
     Labeling. Food Technology International 2001:37-41.
119. Kaplan, C. W., J. C. Astaire, M. E. Sanders, B. S. Reddy and C. L. Kitts. 2001. Terminal restriction
     fragment pattern analysis of changing bacterial assemblages in rat feces during ingestion of
     Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM®. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1935-1939.
120. Sanders, M. E. and T. R. Klaenhammer. 2001. The scientific basis of Lactobacillus acidophilus
     NCFM® functionality as a probiotic. J. Dairy Sci. 84:319-331.
121. Sanders, M. E. 2000. Dairy products. In J. Lederberg (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Second
     Edition, Academic Press, Orlando, FL. Vol. 2, p. 1-8.
122. Sanders, M.E. 2000. Considerations for use of probiotic bacteria to modulate human health. J.
     Nutr. 130:384S-390S.
123. Sanders, M. E. 1999. Proboitics. Food Technology 53:67-77.
124. Sanders, M. E. and J. Huis in’t Veld. 1999. Bringing a probiotic-containing functional food to the
     market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 76:293-
     315.
125. Sanders, M. E. 1999. Capitalizing on probiotics and their potential as healthful food ingredients.
     California Dairy Dispatch 6:1-3.
126. Rao, C. V., M. E. Sanders, C. Indranie, B. Simi and B. S. Reddy. 1999. Prevention of colon
     carcinogenesis by the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus-NCFM® in rats. Intern. J. Oncol. 14:939-944.
127. Sanders, M. E. 1998. Development of Consumer Probiotics for the U.S. Market. Brit. J. Nutr. 80,
     Suppl. 2:S213-218.
128. Sanders, M. E. 1998. Overview of functional foods: emphasis on probiotic bacteria. Intern. Dairy
     J. 8:341-347.
129. Sanders, M. E. 1996. Probiotic cultures and human health. In Germfree Life and Its
     Ramifications, K. Hashimoto, et al. (eds.), XII ISG Publishing Committee, Shiozawa, Japan.
130. Sanders, M. E., D. C. Walker, K. M. Walker, K. Aoyama, and T. R. Klaenhammer. 1996.
     Performance of commercial cultures in fluid milk applications. J. Dairy Sci. 79:943-955.
     June 3, 2026 10
131. Sanders, M. E. 1995. Lactic acid bacteria and human health. In R. Fuller, P. Heidt, V. Rusch and D.
     van der Waaij (Eds.) Probiotics: Prospects of Use in Opportunistic Infections, Institute for
     Microbiology and Biochemistry, Herborn, Germany, p. 126-140.
132. Sanders, M. E. 1995. Lactococci. In Y. H. Hui and G. G. Khachatourians (Eds.) Food Biotechnology:
     Microorganisms, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, p. 645-664.
133. Sanders, M. E. Lactic acid bacteria as promoters of human health. 1994. In I. Goldberg (Ed.)
     Functional Foods. Chapman and Hall, New York, p. 294-322.
134. Sanders, M. E. 1994. How healthful is yogurt? Healthline 13:8.
135. Sanders, M. E. 1993. Healthful attributes of microbes in yogurt. Contemporary Nutrition.
     Volume 18, No. 5.
136. Sanders, M. E. 1993. Summary of conclusions from a consensus panel of experts on health
     attributes of lactic cultures: significance to fluid milk products containing cultures. J. Dairy Sci.
     76:1819-1828.
137. Sanders, M. E. 1993. Bacteriophages in industrial fermentations. In R. G. Webster and A. Granoff
     (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Virology, Academic Press.
138. Sanders, M. E. 1993. Effect of consumption of lactic cultures on human health. Adv. Food Nutr.
     Res. 37:67-130.
139. Sanders, M. E., B. Wasserman, and E. A. Foegeding. 1993. Research needs in biotechnology.
     Food Technol. 47:18S-21S.
140. Sanders, M. E. 1992. Dairy products. In J. Lederberg (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Microbiology,
     Academic Press, Orlando, FL. Vol. 2, p. 1-8.
141. Sanders, M. E. 1991. Genetic approaches for the improvement of strains for Italian cheese
     manufacture: a review. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3647.
142. Sanders, M. E., J. K. Kondo, and D. L. Willrett. 1991. Lactic acid bacteria applications. In I.
     Goldberg and R. Williams (Eds.) Biotechnologically Derived Ingredients For Food Products, Van
     Nostrand Reinhold, New York, p. 433-459.
143. Sanders, M. E. 1991. Mixed cultures in dairy fermentations. In E. Johnson and G. Zeikus (Eds.)
     Mixed Cultures in Biotechnology, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. p.105-133.
144. Sanders, M. E. and J. W. Shultz. 1990. Cloning of phage resistance genes from Lactococcus lactis
     ssp. cremoris KH. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2044-2053.
145. Sanders, M. E., 1988. Phage resistance in lactic acid bacteria. Biochimie 70: 411-421.
146. Sanders, M. E. and J. W. Shultz. 1987. Method for cloning in the lactic acid bacteria. European
     Patent Application.